A.Infinitive with to ( động từ nguyên mẩu có “to”)
To infinitive with to is used in these following situations:
The subject of a sentence:
Ex: to save money is necessary now.
The complement of a verb:
Ex: our duty is to study harder.
Object:
* To infinitive is used as object of these verbs:
“ agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, decide, deserve, determine, edmand, desire, expect, fail, forget, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, neglect( bỏ mặc), offer, plan, …
Ex: we hope to pass the next exam with high marks.
To infinitive is used as object of these adjectives:
Able, afraid, amused, annoy, anxious, astonished, certain, delighted, eager, easy, glad, hard, pleased, ready..
Ex: I’m very glad to see you again.
To infinitive is used after “ for/ of”
Ex: I’ll wait for you to finish the tasks.
To infinitive is used after Noun or pronoun to replace for a clause.
Ex: English is an important language to master.
Ex: Have you got anything to read now?
To infinitive is used to express a purpose or result
Ex: We go to school to widen our knowledge.
Ex: He was born to succeed in many fields.
B. Bare infinitive:
Bare infinitive is used in these situations:
After “modal verbs”
Ex: He can speak three languages
After the verbs of sense: “feel, hear, see, watch, smell, and notice, make, let”
After proverbs: had better, would rather,
Exercise:
Insert TO where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.
It is easy (be) wise after the event.
Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here.
IF you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up.
I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it.
He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.
Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
Could I (see) Mr. Pitt, please? I’m afraid Mr. Pitt isn’t in. Would you like (speak) with his secretary?
It’d better (travel) hopefully than (arrive).
He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him.
He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor.
He tried (make) me (believe) that he wasn’t my stepmother.
As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.
I felt the house (shake) with the explosion.
He told me (try) (come) early.
Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen.
Would you (like) (come) in my car? No, thanks, I’d rather (walk).
I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking.
He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.
The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.
If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something? I didn’t like him (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him.
It’s better (be) to sure than sorry.
What do you (want0 me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him.
Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn’t. I still have it in my pocket; but I’ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.
I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don’t know how (handle) firearms.
I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.

THE GERUND
A. Gerund is used in these situations:
1. Subject of a verb
Ex: learning foreigner language is very necessary.
2. Object of a verb:
Ex: we have